Research Article
Evaluation of Growth Promotion and Pathogenicity of Endophytic Fungi from the Root of Chenopodium Quinoa Willd
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
1-10
Received:
24 November 2024
Accepted:
23 December 2024
Published:
9 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbio.20251301.11
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Abstract: Symbiotic associations between endophytic fungi and Chenopodium quinoa have been reported to be beneficial for increasing tolerance to drought and soil salinity, being this the only crop grown in the Southern Altiplano of Bolivia. The symbiotic interaction of endophytic fungi was investigated, considering their detrimental and mutualistic effects. 38 strains of endophytic fungi from the fungal collection of the Faculty of Agronomy were used. The percentage of germination and root length were measured in vitro (4 days). The percentage of emergence (7 days) and plant height (14 days) in pots were also evaluated. The fungi that did not impair germination were strains VP42, VP44, Alternaria sp. VP37, Fusarium sp. VP05 and Fusarium sp. VP30. Fungi that stimulated a significant increase in radicle longitudinal growth were Fusarium sp. VP35, Alternaria sp. VP37 and strain VP18. Fungi that caused a high mortality rate during the emergence phase were strain VP01, Alternaria sp. VP15, Fusarium sp. VP02, Fusarium sp. VP07, Fusarium sp. VP08, Fusarium sp. VP12, Fusarium sp. VP23 and Fusarium sp. VP36. The endophytic strains Alternaria sp. VP37, Fusarium sp. VP35 and strain VP18 stimulated superior seedling growth. The present research work reveals that some endophytic fungi of the Alternaria and Fusarium genera can behave as pathogens during the germination stage, while others have the function of promoting quinoa growth.
Abstract: Symbiotic associations between endophytic fungi and Chenopodium quinoa have been reported to be beneficial for increasing tolerance to drought and soil salinity, being this the only crop grown in the Southern Altiplano of Bolivia. The symbiotic interaction of endophytic fungi was investigated, considering their detrimental and mutualistic effects. ...
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Research Article
Encapsulation of Willow Bark Extract with Potato Starch by Spray Drying
Su-Chol Rim,
Hang-Ryol Maeng*
,
Il-Gon Kim,
Yong-Il Hwang,
Il-Jin Un,
Ryong-Hyon Gong
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
11-17
Received:
12 November 2024
Accepted:
12 December 2024
Published:
21 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbio.20251301.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Willow bark extract has been known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive functions for ancient times and used for traditional medicine. However, it has some drawbacks to apply in clinic application. Encapsulation is an excellent way to solve these problems. In this study, willow bark extract was encapsulated by starch as a wall material in order to improve bioavailability and stability of bioactive materials. Spray drying was applied to obtain powder composed of willow bark extract and starch. Particle size and morphological characteristics were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The encapsulation was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis and X -ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal properties, hydrogroscopicity and storage stability were also studied. The result revealed that it was possible to encapsulate bioactive materials in willow bark extract with starch. Encapsulated powder showed small size at micro level. The particles were spherical and amorphous shape with wrinkled surface. In addition, encapsulated powder exhibited better thermal and storage stability than free willow bark extract powder. The results of this study indicate that encapsulation with starch could improve bioavailability and stability of willow bark extract. This result will provide preliminary information for encapsulating bioactive materials in herb extract by using starch through spray drying.
Abstract: Willow bark extract has been known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive functions for ancient times and used for traditional medicine. However, it has some drawbacks to apply in clinic application. Encapsulation is an excellent way to solve these problems. In this study, willow bark extract was encapsulated by starch as a wall material in...
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